![]() ![]() ![]() The results in indicate that the phase transition due to intrinsic noise is continuous, but is discontinuous in the presence of extrinsic noise. The effect of intrinsic and extrinsic noise on phase transition has been studied in. The simulation results show a phase transition from a random disordered state to an ordered state as the number of individuals or the noise strength is varied. The neighbors in the original Vicsek model are individuals residing inside a circular sensing region centered at the given individual’s current position. Beside the intrinsic noise, one can consider the extrinsic noise, which is used to model errors resulting from incorrect assumptions about the environment or others’ information. Precisely, in the original Vicsek model, each individual moves with a constant speed within a two-dimensional confined space and aligns itself in the average direction of its neighbors, along with its free will modeled as an intrinsic noise. A popular agent-based model to study collective behavior is the Vicsek model that assumes behavioral rules at the individual level. The mathematical modeling of collective behavior involves different approaches: modeling the system as a continuous medium or continuous-time or modeling it as a collection of agents interacting in discrete-time. To study the mechanism that produces group-level patterns from local interactions, a variety of models have been proposed in the literature that simulates group coordination. ![]() A key benefit of living in a group is access to higher level of information, which helps social animals to locate food sources, avoid predators, and find mates. Collective behavior is commonly observed across biological systems, for example, ant colonies, fish schools, mosquito swarms, and bird flocks. As a result, coordinated motion emerges in the absence of any centralized control. Specifically, each individual in the group acts based on the information they receive by interacting with local neighbors. Our findings suggest combining sensory cues may play an important role in the collective behavior and results from the composite model indicate that the group-level features from pure audition predominate.Ĭollective behavior in animal groups refers to the formation of group-level patterns from local interactions. In a simulation study, we examine the sensitivity of the emergent group-level behavior to the weights that are assigned to each sense modality in this weighted composite model. Moreover, in this model, the information from visual and auditory cues can be weighed differently. We consider a modification to the original Vicsek model that allows individuals to use auditory and visual sensing modalities to gather information from neighbors in order to update their heading directions. The present study investigates how combined information from audition and vision impacts group-level behavior. 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, California State University, Northridge, Los Angeles, CA, United States.1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL, United States. ![]()
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